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New York English
New York Dutch
Jemseq
Acadie
New Sweden
Nieuw-Nederland
New Amsterdam
Forts in Nieuw Nederland
The Settlements
Ship's List
Old Dutch Place Names |
The Dutch former Colonies |
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Previous • How it starts... • North America • Central America • South America • Africa • Asia |
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North America |
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During the 17th century, Dutch traders established trade posts and
plantations throughout the Americas; actual colonization, with Dutch
settling in the new lands was not as common as with settlements of other
European nations. Many of the Dutch settlements were lost or abandoned
by the end of that century, but the Netherlands managed to retain
possession of Suriname until it gained independence in 1975, as well as
the Netherlands Antilles and Aruba, which remain within the Kingdom of
the Netherlands today. |
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The Dutch connection with North America began in September 1609, when
Henry Hudson, an English Captain, in service to the VOC (Vereenigde
OostIndische Compagnie)discovered with his ship "De Halve Maene" (The
Half Moon) the river which today bears his name. He was in search of a
NW passage to Asia.
Shortly after the return of the Hudson expedition, Dutch merchants sent
out new expeditions, the aim of all these expeditions was fur trade with
the Indians.
In 1614, the States General of the United Provinces of the
Netherlands granted a charter for three years to the New Netherlands
Company of Amsterdam.
The first Dutch settlement in North America was built in late 1614 on
Castle island (an island on the Hudson river little below the site of
Albany, NY). This trading-post was called Fort Nassau, but this fort lay
frequently under water and for that was abandoned in 1617.
In 1621 the new born West Indische Compagnie (WIC) granted a charter
that included the coast and countries of Africa from the tropic of
Cancer to the Cape of Good Hope and also all the coast of America.
In 1624 the first WIC expedition started, a ship whit about thirty
families of colonist (most of them were Walloons) reached the Hudson or
Great River, they anchored near the abandoned Fort Nassau, here later in
1624 a new fort called Fort Oranije was built on the west side of the
river where Albany now stands. In the same year the Dutch began to build
two forts, one on the South River (Delaware) named Fort Nassau, and the
other on the Fresh River (Connecticut) which was called Fort De Goede
Hoop.
In 1626 a fort was built on Manhattan Island at the mouth of the
Hudson River, this fort was called Fort Amsterdam and around it the town
of Nieuw Amsterdam developed, it was destined to become the capital of
the Dutch colony, in 1628 the population at Nieuw Amsterdam was of 270
souls.
In 1630 three patroonships were founded: on the South River, Swanendael;
on the North River at its mouth, Pavonia; and at Fort Oranije,
Rensselaerswyck. The last, Rensselaerswyck, was the only successful
patroonship in Nieuw Netherlands.
In 1633 a wooden church was erected in Nieuw Amsterdam, and in 1642 it
was replaced by a stone church inside the Fort.
In March 1638 a Swedish expedition arrived in the South River
(Delaware) where they founded the colony of Nya Sverige. The Dutch that
were at Fort Nassau strongly protested.
In 1647 the population of Nieuw Holland was of 1.500-2.000 souls.
In 1652 the population of the city of Nieuw Amsterdam was of 800 souls,
a Municipal Government was given to it in 1652-53, a Burgomaster was
appointed.
In 1664 the population of Nieuw Amsterdam was of 1.600 souls, that of
the whole Nieuw Holland was of about 10.000 souls.
On 8 September 1664 (during the Second Anglo-Dutch War) the English took
possession of Nieuw Amsterdam and they renamed the city, New York. At
the treaty of Breda (1667) Nieuw Nederland was exchanged with the
English for the colony of Suriname which at that time was a more
developed and rich colony.
The Dutch in August 1673 (during the third Anglo-Dutch War) retook
possession of New York, the fort was renamed Fort Willem Hendrick while
New York became Nieuw Oranje. But at the treaty of Westminster that was
signed in February 1674 the colony went back to the English. In November
1674 the Dutch flag waved for the last time in Nieuw Oranje (New York). |
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List of Fortifications in
the USA |
CONNECTICUT:
Fort Goed Hope (Hartford): Fort Goed Hope, Fort Huis ter Hope
DELAWARE:
Prinseneiland, Moordenaarseiland (Murderer's Island, Prince's Island): Fort Wilhelmus
Fort Casimir (Newcastle): Nieuw Amstel, Fort Nieuwer Amstel, Fort Drie-eenheid
Altona, Altena (Wilmington): Fort Christina, Fort Altena
Blommaerts Kil, Horekil, Whorekill, Hoerenkill: Compagniesfort, Compagniesfort Whorekill
Swaenendael (Lewes):
MAINE:
Pentagouet: Dutch: Aug. 1674 - Sep. 1674
Mahaffie "A land of discord always: Acadia from its beginnings to the expulsion of its people 1604 - 1755"
NEW JERSEY:
Fort Nassau (Gloucester):
Pavonia, Hoboken, Pavonia, Bergen (Jersey City):
Bommelerweert, Schoon Eylandt, Carrs Island, Juniosa Island, Hooge Eiland (Burlington Island):
NEW YORK:
Fort Nassau (Castle Island):
Fort Oranje or Orange (Albany):
Beverswijck, Beverwijck (Albany): Fort Beverwijck
Nieuw Amsterdam, Manhattos (New York): Fort Amsterdam
Rensselaerswijck (Rensselaer):
Colen Donck, Donck's heer land, Djoncksheerland (The Yonkers):
Nieuw-Utrecht:
Staten eiland (State island):
Hastings, Newtown, Misput, Middelburg (Maspeth):
Wiltwyck, Sopus, Esopus (Kingston):
Rustdorp (Jamaica):
Heemstede (Hempstead):
Muscoota, Haarlem, Nieuw Haarlem (Harlem):
Gravesand (Gravesend):
Oostdorp, Westchester, Vreedland (Freedland):
Vlissingen (Flushing):
Nieuw-Amersfoort (Flatlands):
Midwout (Flatbush):
Boswijck (Bushwick):
Breukelen, Brookland (Brooklyn):
Nieu Dorp (Hurley):(Tarrytown):
PENNSYLVANIA:
Fort Beversreede (Philadelpia):
Fort Nya Korsholm:
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Canada:
Jemseq (Nieuw-Brunswijk) (1674)
Acadia
Verenigde Staten van Amerika:
Nieuw-Nederland: (Nieuw-Zweden) (1614-1674)
(Fort Nassau en Fort Oranje) (1615-1661 / 1673-1674)
(Nieuw-Amsterdam) (1626-1664 / 1665-1667)
Nieuw-Nederland (Latijn: Nova Belgica of Novum Belgium, Engels:
New Netherland), is de naam van het voormalig Nederlands gebied tussen
38 en 45 graden van de oostkust van de huidige Verenigde Staten van
Amerika sinds 1614. Het bevat nu de stad New York, vroeger Nieuw
Amsterdam geheten, en gesticht in 1625. Nieuw-Nederland als provincie
werd gesticht in 1624 en opgeëist als het gebied tussen 38 en 42 graden.
Bij de vrede van Westminster op 10 november 1674 werd het gebied echter
definitief overgedragen aan de Engelsen die het New York noemden naar de
Hertog van York |
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Previous
New York English
New York Dutch
Jemseq
Acadie
New Sweden
Nieuw-Nederland
New Amsterdam
Forts in Nieuw Nederland
The Settlements
Ship's List
Old Dutch Place Names |
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